- Metanarrative is a term developed by Jean-François Lyotard which means a narrative about a narrative of historical meaning, experience or knowledge which offers a society a rationalised realisation/account of a grand idea based on appeal to universal truth/values. For example the idea of having to be married in a church is an idea society took from a greater narrative but it’s not a legitimate thing, we don’t have to get married in a church it’s just a story society took to make sense of other things. Metanarratives are categorised under modernism because they provide structure to society and is something postmodernists like Lyotard challenged by being incredulous. They are large scale theories and philosphies of the world: history, science, art and religion.
- Teleology: Made up of two Greek words: teleos, meaning "complete," and its root telos, meaning "result." Then we add the suffix -logy, which means "logic," or "reason." The philosophy itself suggests that acts are done with a foregone purpose in mind — people do things knowing the result they wish to achieve. It describes the inevitable ‘coming to be’ of something - that the guarantee of progression towards a higher, greater level of development or definitive form.
- Essentialism: A philosophy, one of a set of beliefs held and taught by a Church, political party or other group that are extremely important/necessary and indispensable (absolutely essential and other people cannot function without them). Essentialism is the view that every entity has a set of attributes that are necessary to its identity and function.
- Utopian: Ideal society - a society modelled on or aiming for a state in which everything is perfect; idealistic. Opposite of dystopian.
- Axiomatic: Self-evident or unquestionable.
- Dystopian: A society where everything is unpleasant or bad, typically a totalitarian (no limits on authority) or environmentally degraded one. (Hitlet + Auschwitz).
- Scepticism: The philosophical position that one should refrain from making truth claims and avoid the postulation of final truths. Sceptics apply reason and critical thinking to determine it’s validity (reasonable/coherent).
- Philosophical: the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence.
- Relativism: is the belief that there’s no absolute truth, only the truths that a particular individual or culture happen to believe, basically it’s the belief that different people can have different views about what’s moral and immoral.
- Pluralism: A society in which two or more groups, cultures, social classes, races, religions, principles, sources of authority etc coexist and continue to have their different traditions, values and interests.
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